Improving results in flat-position submerged arc welding
One cause is excessive flux burden (the amount of flux deposited). Excessive flux burden can cause weld bead distortion, as well as pockmarking and porosity. Inconsistent weld toes and rough weld ripples, known as chevrons, stem from the weight of the excessive flux. Flux burden should be deep enough to prevent welding arc flash-through but still allow the operator to
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